Welding Fume Safety - Everything You Need To Know
焊接烟气安全legislation
英国立法规定，所有工人必须受到危害空气传播物质的保护。对健康危害（COSHH）法规的控制制定了明确的规则，供雇主提供安全的工作环境，包括焊接烟气安全。
什么是焊接烟雾？
Fumes and particles produced by welding activities; a complex mix of airborne gases including Nitrous Oxide, Ozone, metals, and fine particles.
焊接烟雾的危险
Welding fumes are very hazardous and classified as a known carcinogen. Workers who are exposed are at risk of developing occupational asthma, cancer, irritation of the breathing airways, metal fume fever, and pneumonia, amongst others.
焊接烟气风险评估
A critical part of any risk assessment is the identification and accurate assessment of the level of risk of exposure. This is based on:
The toxicity of the substances
涉及的浓度
The duration of exposure
Welding fume exposure monitoring
There is no single Workplace Exposure Limit (WEL) for welding fume. The HSE document EH40 defines the WELs for various metal oxide compounds and gases which can be frequently found in welding fume:
物质 |
韦尔 |
铝 |
10 mg/m3 |
Chromium |
0.5 mg/m3 |
铁 |
5 mg/m3 10 mg/m3斯特尔 |
锰 - Inhalable Fraction - 可呼吸分数 |
0.05 mg/m3 |
Titanium |
10 mg/m3 |
氮氧化物 |
2.5 mg/m3 |
| Nitrogen Dioxide | 0.955 mg/m3 |
| Copper | 0.2 mg/m3 |
| 镍 | 0.1 mg/m3 |
| 臭氧 | 0.4 mg/m3斯特尔 |
| Chromium VI (process generated) |
0.025 mg/m3 |
WELS基于平均8小时的平均曝光平均值。对于工人进行焊接，他们可能会暴露于短期高度浓度，但是当平均8小时轮班平均时，暴露量很低。
某些物质具有短期暴露极限（Stel），其中浓度在15分钟内不得超过极限。
焊接烟气安全
法律限制明确定义了Wels和Stels，因此不应超过所有焊接烟雾的分类，应降低到合理可行的低位（ALARP）。
COSHH风险评估应定义任何工作场所暴露监控的频率和程序。
一般而言，应在类似暴露的组（SEG）中采集六个样本。
应定期进行监控，频率应基于考虑的风险评估：
- 使用的焊接技术（TIG，MIG，MMA等）
- 活动的频率和持续时间
- 历史年度暴露监测数据
- Engineering controls in place and efficacy of measures
重要的是要注意，当在给定的一天进行操作条件和工作量应代表典型活动时进行曝光监控。例如，在切实可行的情况下，年度监测应是当年的典型条件。如果进行重大更改或修改，则应尽快进行暴露监控以评估变化。
焊接烟雾提取器和其他控制措施
由于焊接烟雾的严重和有害性质，所有室内焊接活动都需要工程控制，这些控制通常以局部排气通风（LEV）形式。
仅LEV系统通常无法充分控制暴露，因此使用合适的呼吸防护设备（RPE）进一步保护工人。
Outdoor welding also requires adequate RPE. It is crucial that workers are trained in the correct use of RPE and PPE. We are able to offerFace Fit Testing用于法规合规性。
- Use engineering measures to control welding fumes e.g. LEV
- 还应采用足够的RPE来提供进一步的保护，以防止剩余的烟雾
- LEV应通过HSG 258进行彻底检查并进行一次彻底检查并进行一次测试，并进行彻底的检查并维护LEV
- RPE应得到充分维护，并提供有关正确使用的培训
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